Writing Discussion for Scientific Paper

#1 critical writing section most students struggle with: Discussion

Follow this template (๐˜ธ๐˜ช๐˜ต๐˜ฉ ๐˜ฆ๐˜น๐˜ข๐˜ฎ๐˜ฑ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด) to make your life easier

โ€”  Start with a Big Summary/ Importance Statement:
“๐˜–๐˜ถ๐˜ณ ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ถ๐˜ญ๐˜ต๐˜ด ๐˜ฅ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ณ๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ ๐˜ข ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ฆ๐˜ญ ๐˜ฎ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ด๐˜ฎ ๐˜ฃ๐˜บ ๐˜ธ๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ฉ ๐˜Ÿ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ง๐˜ญ๐˜ถ๐˜ฆ๐˜ฏ๐˜ค๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ , ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง๐˜ง๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ธ ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ด๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ฉ๐˜ต๐˜ด ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ฐ ๐˜ก.”

โ€”  Link Findings to Previous Work:
“๐˜œ๐˜ฏ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜ฌ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฆ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ด ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ถ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฆ๐˜ด ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ต ๐˜ด๐˜ถ๐˜จ๐˜จ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ต๐˜ฆ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ˆ, ๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ณ ๐˜ง๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ด ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ค๐˜ข๐˜ต๐˜ฆ ๐˜‰, ๐˜ฉ๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ฉ๐˜ญ๐˜ช๐˜จ๐˜ฉ๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ญ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ง ๐˜Š.”

โ€”   Discuss the Scientific Implications:
“๐˜›๐˜ฉ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ฆ ๐˜ง๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ๐˜ด ๐˜ด๐˜ถ๐˜จ๐˜จ๐˜ฆ๐˜ด๐˜ต ๐˜ต๐˜ฉ๐˜ข๐˜ต ๐˜ฎ๐˜ข๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ต๐˜ข๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜‹ ๐˜ค๐˜ฐ๐˜ถ๐˜ญ๐˜ฅ ๐˜ฃ๐˜ฆ ๐˜ค๐˜ณ๐˜ถ๐˜ค๐˜ช๐˜ข๐˜ญ ๐˜ง๐˜ฐ๐˜ณ ๐˜Œ, ๐˜ฑ๐˜ณ๐˜ฐ๐˜ท๐˜ช๐˜ฅ๐˜ช๐˜ฏ๐˜จ ๐˜ข ๐˜ฏ๐˜ฆ๐˜ธ ๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ณ๐˜ด๐˜ฑ๐˜ฆ๐˜ค๐˜ต๐˜ช๐˜ท๐˜ฆ ๐˜ฐ๐˜ฏ ๐˜.”

Original paper: Faith et al, “Identifying Gut Microbeโ€“Host Phenotype Relationships Using Combinatorial Communities in Gnotobiotic Mice”, https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.3008051

Installing Luajit-remake

Preparation steps:

  • Install Ubuntu 20.04.6
  • apt install -y docker.io
  • git clone https://github.com/luajit-remake/luajit-remake.git
  • cd luajit-remake

Execute install script:

python3 ljr-build make release

Result (error)

warning: Not a git repository. Use --no-index to compare two paths outside a working tree
usage: git diff --no-index [<options>] <path> <path>

Diff output format options
    -p, --patch           generate patch
    -s, --no-patch        suppress diff output
    -u                    generate patch
    -U, --unified[=<n>]   generate diffs with <n> lines context
    -W, --function-context
                          generate diffs with <n> lines context
    --raw                 generate the diff in raw format
    --patch-with-raw      synonym for '-p --raw'
    --patch-with-stat     synonym for '-p --stat'
    --numstat             machine friendly --stat
    --shortstat           output only the last line of --stat
    -X, --dirstat[=<param1,param2>...]
                          output the distribution of relative amount of changes for each sub-directory
    --cumulative          synonym for --dirstat=cumulative
    --dirstat-by-file[=<param1,param2>...]
                          synonym for --dirstat=files,param1,param2...
    --check               warn if changes introduce conflict markers or whitespace errors
    --summary             condensed summary such as creations, renames and mode changes
    --name-only           show only names of changed files
    --name-status         show only names and status of changed files
    --stat[=<width>[,<name-width>[,<count>]]]
                          generate diffstat
    --stat-width <width>  generate diffstat with a given width
    --stat-name-width <width>
                          generate diffstat with a given name width
    --stat-graph-width <width>
                          generate diffstat with a given graph width
    --stat-count <count>  generate diffstat with limited lines
    --compact-summary     generate compact summary in diffstat
    --binary              output a binary diff that can be applied
    --full-index          show full pre- and post-image object names on the "index" lines
    --color[=<when>]      show colored diff
    --ws-error-highlight <kind>
                          highlight whitespace errors in the 'context', 'old' or 'new' lines in the diff
    -z                    do not munge pathnames and use NULs as output field terminators in --raw or --numstat
    --abbrev[=<n>]        use <n> digits to display SHA-1s
    --src-prefix <prefix>
                          show the given source prefix instead of "a/"
    --dst-prefix <prefix>
                          show the given destination prefix instead of "b/"
    --line-prefix <prefix>
                          prepend an additional prefix to every line of output
    --no-prefix           do not show any source or destination prefix
    --inter-hunk-context <n>
                          show context between diff hunks up to the specified number of lines
    --output-indicator-new <char>
                          specify the character to indicate a new line instead of '+'
    --output-indicator-old <char>
                          specify the character to indicate an old line instead of '-'
    --output-indicator-context <char>
                          specify the character to indicate a context instead of ' '

Diff rename options
    -B, --break-rewrites[=<n>[/<m>]]
                          break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create
    -M, --find-renames[=<n>]
                          detect renames
    -D, --irreversible-delete
                          omit the preimage for deletes
    -C, --find-copies[=<n>]
                          detect copies
    --find-copies-harder  use unmodified files as source to find copies
    --no-renames          disable rename detection
    --rename-empty        use empty blobs as rename source
    --follow              continue listing the history of a file beyond renames
    -l <n>                prevent rename/copy detection if the number of rename/copy targets exceeds given limit

Diff algorithm options
    --minimal             produce the smallest possible diff
    -w, --ignore-all-space
                          ignore whitespace when comparing lines
    -b, --ignore-space-change
                          ignore changes in amount of whitespace
    --ignore-space-at-eol
                          ignore changes in whitespace at EOL
    --ignore-cr-at-eol    ignore carrier-return at the end of line
    --ignore-blank-lines  ignore changes whose lines are all blank
    --indent-heuristic    heuristic to shift diff hunk boundaries for easy reading
    --patience            generate diff using the "patience diff" algorithm
    --histogram           generate diff using the "histogram diff" algorithm
    --diff-algorithm <algorithm>
                          choose a diff algorithm
    --anchored <text>     generate diff using the "anchored diff" algorithm
    --word-diff[=<mode>]  show word diff, using <mode> to delimit changed words
    --word-diff-regex <regex>
                          use <regex> to decide what a word is
    --color-words[=<regex>]
                          equivalent to --word-diff=color --word-diff-regex=<regex>
    --color-moved[=<mode>]
                          moved lines of code are colored differently
    --color-moved-ws <mode>
                          how white spaces are ignored in --color-moved

Other diff options
    --relative[=<prefix>]
                          when run from subdir, exclude changes outside and show relative paths
    -a, --text            treat all files as text
    -R                    swap two inputs, reverse the diff
    --exit-code           exit with 1 if there were differences, 0 otherwise
    --quiet               disable all output of the program
    --ext-diff            allow an external diff helper to be executed
    --textconv            run external text conversion filters when comparing binary files
    --ignore-submodules[=<when>]
                          ignore changes to submodules in the diff generation
    --submodule[=<format>]
                          specify how differences in submodules are shown
    --ita-invisible-in-index
                          hide 'git add -N' entries from the index
    --ita-visible-in-index
                          treat 'git add -N' entries as real in the index
    -S <string>           look for differences that change the number of occurrences of the specified string
    -G <regex>            look for differences that change the number of occurrences of the specified regex
    --pickaxe-all         show all changes in the changeset with -S or -G
    --pickaxe-regex       treat <string> in -S as extended POSIX regular expression
    -O <file>             control the order in which files appear in the output
    --find-object <object-id>
                          look for differences that change the number of occurrences of the specified object
    --diff-filter [(A|C|D|M|R|T|U|X|B)...[*]]
                          select files by diff type
    --output <file>       Output to a specific file

fatal: detected dubious ownership in repository at '/home/u/project'
To add an exception for this directory, call:

        git config --global --add safe.directory /home/u/project
gen_git_hash.sh: line 12: __generated__/release/generated/git_commit_hash.cpp.tmp: Permission denied
mv: cannot stat '__generated__/release/generated/git_commit_hash.cpp.tmp': No such file or directory

Research Gap Types

Source:

Imitating Graph With Claude

How to make graph like this in Python

I saw a nice graph from posting in https://x.com/junwatu/status/1851779704510124178/photo/1

Let’s ask Claude to imitate the graph.

I’ll help you create a similar line graph using Python, primarily using matplotlib with a modern, dark theme that matches the style of the image.

This code creates a graph similar to the one shown in your image. Here are the key features:

  1. Uses a dark theme matching GitHub’s dark mode
  2. Creates smooth lines with dots at data points
  3. Places country labels at the end of each line
  4. Uses custom colors for each country
  5. Includes a grid for better readability
  6. Removes chart borders for a modern look
  7. Reverses the y-axis to show rank 1 at the top
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

# Sample data
countries = ['India', 'United States', 'China', 'Brazil', 'United Kingdom',
             'Indonesia', 'Japan', 'Germany', 'Russia', 'Canada']

# Create sample data for demonstration
# In reality, you would have your actual data here
years = np.array([2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028])
data = np.array([
    [1, 1, 1, 2, 2],  # India
    [2, 2, 2, 1, 1],  # United States
    [3, 3, 3, 3, 3],  # China
    [4, 4, 4, 4, 4],  # Brazil
    [5, 5, 5, 5, 5],  # UK
    [8, 6, 6, 6, 6],  # Indonesia
    [7, 7, 7, 7, 7],  # Japan
    [9, 8, 8, 8, 8],  # Germany
    [6, 9, 9, 9, 9],  # Russia
    [10, 10, 10, 10, 10]  # Canada
])

# Set the style
plt.style.use('dark_background')
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 8))

# Custom colors for each line
colors = ['#FF69B4', '#9370DB', '#87CEEB', '#90EE90', '#FFD700',
          '#FF6347', '#DDA0DD', '#BA55D3', '#ADD8E6', '#98FB98']

# Plot each line
for i, (country, color) in enumerate(zip(countries, colors)):
    ax.plot(years, data[i], color=color, linewidth=2, marker='o', markersize=8)
    # Add country name at the end of each line
    ax.text(years[-1] + 0.1, data[i, -1], country, color=color, 
            verticalalignment='center', fontsize=10)

# Customize the plot
ax.set_ylim(10.5, 0.5)  # Reverse y-axis and add some padding
ax.set_xlim(2024, 2028.5)  # Add space for labels on the right

# Set title
plt.title('Projecting the top 10 developers communities\non GitHub 2024-2028', 
          fontsize=16, pad=20)

# Customize grid
ax.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.2)

# Customize axes
ax.spines['top'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['right'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['bottom'].set_visible(False)
ax.spines['left'].set_visible(False)

# Set y-axis ticks
ax.set_yticks(range(1, 11))

# Remove x-axis ticks but keep labels
ax.tick_params(axis='x', length=0)

# Set background color
fig.patch.set_facecolor('#0D1117')
ax.set_facecolor('#0D1117')

# Adjust layout
plt.tight_layout()

# Show plot
plt.show()

To use this code, you’ll need to have matplotlib installed. You can install it using:

pip install matplotlib

You can modify the data array to match your actual data points. Each row represents a country’s ranking over the years.