Recent scientific journals that discuss energy measurement in programming languages include:
- “Energy efficiency across programming languages: how do energy, time, and memory relate?” by Pereira et al. (2017) and its follow-up in 2021, which uses the Computer Language Benchmarks Game (CLBG) to compare the energy efficiency of various programming languages (https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3136014.3136031) (https://www.devsustainability.com/p/paper-notes-energy-efficiency-across-programming-languages)
- “Ranking programming languages by energy efficiency” by Pereira et al. (2021), which validates the 2017 results using a more “real-world” analysis on a codebase that better represents day-to-day programming problems (https://www.devsustainability.com/p/paper-notes-energy-efficiency-across-programming-languages)
- “Analyzing Programming Languages’ Energy Consumption: An Empirical Study” on ResearchGate, which compares the energy consumption of interpreted programming languages like PHP, Ruby, and JavaScript with languages like Swift, R, Perl, and Python (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321415912_Analyzing_Programming_Languages%27_Energy_Consumption_An_Empirical_Study)
- Analysis of programming languages used in solving energy problems” by Pelagie Flore Temgoua Nanfack et al., which discusses the use of programming languages in energy engineering and identifies C++ and Python as the most used GPLs, with Julia, R, and Matlab as the most prominent DSLs (https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2022/21/e3sconf_enrconf2021_01006.pdf) (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361973044_Analysis_of_programming_languages_used_in_solving_energy_problems)
These studies provide insights into the energy efficiency of various programming languages, focusing on both theoretical benchmarks and practical applications in the field of energy engineering.