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Komputer Mekanik

Pada awalnya mesin hitung hanya dapat dibuat dengan 100% mekanik.

Perangkat pertama yang diduga merupakan mesin hitung adalah ‘Mekanik Antikythera’, yang dibuat sekitar tahun 100 sebelum Masehi, jadi sekitar 2115 tahun lalu.

Sumber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism

Setelah zaman Renaissance di Eropa, mulai banyak ditemukan lagi macam-macam perangkat hitung mekanik, misalnya kalkulator Pascal.

Sumber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arts_et_Metiers_Pascaline_dsc03869.jpg

Kalkulator mekanik setelah itu bertambah bagus, walau akhirnya bersaing dengan kalkulator elektrik yang mulai ditemukan tahun 1940-an. Namun demikian sampai tahun 1990-an masih dapat dilihat mesin hitung mekanik di kantor-kantor. Kalau kita bongkar-bongkar kantor yang 1990 sudah aktif, masih ada kemungkinan menemukan sisa-sisa kalkulator mekanik tersebut di gudang.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_computer#/media/File:De-Te-We-mp3h0651.jpg
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_computer

Komputer Elektro Mekanik (Relay)

Setelah ditemukannya listrik dan medan magnet, orang mulai membuat relay. Relay ini kemudian dipakai sebagai komponen komputer. Komputer berbasis relay pertama dibuat akhir 1930-an.

Sumber: http://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Relays/Zuse.html

Saat ini ada juga orang yang bernostalgia dengan komputer relay tersebut, seperti di http://www.nablaman.com/relay/

Komputer Berbasis Tabung Vakum

Tabung vakum mulai dipakai sebagai komponen komputer sekitar tahun 1940-an. Komputer jenis ini aktif dipakai sampai awal 1960-an

Sumber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vacuum_tube_computers

Berikut ini salah satu generasi awal komputer berbasis tabung vakum.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atanasoff%E2%80%93Berry_Computer

Komputer Berbasis Transistor

Dengan ditemukannya transistor, orang dapat membuat komputer yang lebih kecil, lebih cepat , dan lebih hemat energi dibandingkan komputer relay. Komputer jenis ini mulai ditemukan tahun 1950-an.

Sumber: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor_computer

Berikut contoh komputer awal berbasis transistor

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SSEM_Manchester_museum.jpg

Baru-baru ini ada yang mulai lagi membuat komputer berbasis transistor dan dioda, seperti AYTABTU (All Your Transistors Are Belong To Us)

Komputer Berbasis Rangkaian Terintegrasi

Rangkaian logika diskrit

Komputer dengan beberapa IC

Komputer dalam IC tunggal

 

 

 

Pesawat tempur F-117 adalah pesawat tempur siluman buatan Amerika. Dalam foto ini salah satu pesawat tersebut mengalami kecelakaan ketika melakukan pendaratan. Kemungkinan kecelakaan terjadi karena kesalahan teknis di pesawat atau di landasan.

Kecelakaan lain yang melibatkan F-117: http://www.f-117a.com/793.html

Sumber:

• http://megaobzor.com/fotografii-Lockheed-F-117-Nighthawk-seriya-sovremennaya-voennaya-tehnika.html
• This swarming horde of black stealth fighter jets is not a movie scene
• Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk
• http://luckypuppy.bravehost.com/MADDOGJET/mishaps.html

 

Foto di atas adalah pawai 25 pesawat siluman F-117 Nighthawk yang sedang merayakan ulang tahunnya yang ke-25 pada tahun 2006. Lanjutkan membaca Pawai Pesawat Siluman F-117

 

 

 

The Kalinin K-7 was a heavy experimental aircraft designed and tested in the Soviet Union in the early 1930s. It was of unusual configuration with twin booms and large underwing pods housing fixed landing gear and machine gun turrets.

In the passenger version, seats were arranged inside the 2.3-meter thick (7 ft 7 in) wings. The airframe was welded from KhMA chrome-molybdenum steel. The original design called for six engines in the wing leading edge but when the projected loaded weight was exceeded, two more engines were added to the trailing edges of each wing, one right and one left of the central passenger pod. Nemecek states in his book that at first only one further pusher engine was added.

Lanjutkan membaca Pesawat Pembom Kalinin K-7

Berikut ini Compact Flash 8 Megabytes. Jika anda punya barang ini, anda sudah tua.

Sudah lupa juga dulu dipakai apa. Kemungkinan bekas dipasang di Canon Powershot A10.

 

Mikrometer sekrup ini berguna untuk mengukur dimensi suatu benda berukuran 0 sampai 25 mm, dengan ketelitian 0.01 mm. Lumayan lebih presisi dibandingkan jangka sorong biasa.

Flying: What’s the strangest incident that’s happened on a commercial airline flight?
Obaidullah Khawaja
Obaidullah Khawaja, Founder and CEO at Sovoia
Here’s a good one thats popular with us Pakistanis in an ironic sort of way. In 1986 Pakistan International Airlines Flight 300 had a belly landing at Islamabad airport because the pilot forgot to lower the landing gear. That’s right, he simply forgot to lower the gear on a 747 jet. There were no injuries and the plane continued to fly for 19 more years after repairs

EDIT: So now I do know exactly how this happened thanks to a reliable source (name can’t be taken because he still flies planes)

There were 3 people in the cockpit that day, the pilot, co-pilot and I think what’s called the 1st officer. Normally there is an electronic safety system that alerts the guys in the cockpit about things such as the landing gear not being down.

This system is generally found to be irritating by pilots who can be quite dismissive and macho – trusting their own skills. In those days it apparently also made some errors in logic. And finally it goes “Warning! Warning!” in a loud shrill voice. So it was standard for PIA pilots at least to switch off the circuit breaker for this system and switch it back at 1000 ft

It was standard for the cockpit crew to switch back the warning system and for each of them to check that the landing gear is down as part of their landing checklist.

None of these things happened so the pilot basically landed the plane thinking that the landing gear was down. He only realised after hitting the ground that it wasn’t

The pilot called HQ right after getting off the plane and tendered his resignation. He never flew again.

The co-pilot Capt Ahsan Aftab Bilgrami flew again but unfortunately died when the plane he was flying crashed in the Himlayas near Gilgit

Boeing were ecstatic, apparently this is one scenario they had not stress-tested for

Here are some incredible pictures

EDIT: Since the above story has been so popular I thought I’d add another story from the 1970s which probably set the precedent for heroics by future generations of Pakistani pilots

According to http://www.historyofpia.com/acci…, the two pilots Salhejee and Mir had a misunderstanding about which one of them was flying the plane in the midst of a storm.

According to the site:

” The landing was going to be made by Capt. Mir. The weather was bad and Mir asked Salehjee to take over for the landing. Somehow, Salehjee didn’t hear the request, Mir thought that he had and so the approach was flown with nobody at the controls until impact! The pilots were unable to regain control of the aircraft and it veered off the runway. The Boeing 707’s main under carriage collapsed as it struck the runway very hard.

As seen in this photo, soon after aircraft’s crash landing PIA logo and titles were painted out from its tail and fuselage because Pakistan’s then Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was due to arrive at the same airport on a VVIP PIA flight few days later. Later, this Boeing 707 was repaired and returned to active service with PIA”

Fly PIA – each plane has made history one way or the other