Ilmu Pengetahuan & Teknologi

Mikrometer sekrup ini berguna untuk mengukur dimensi suatu benda berukuran 0 sampai 25 mm, dengan ketelitian 0.01 mm. Lumayan lebih presisi dibandingkan jangka sorong biasa.

Flying: What’s the strangest incident that’s happened on a commercial airline flight?
Obaidullah Khawaja
Obaidullah Khawaja, Founder and CEO at Sovoia
Here’s a good one thats popular with us Pakistanis in an ironic sort of way. In 1986 Pakistan International Airlines Flight 300 had a belly landing at Islamabad airport because the pilot forgot to lower the landing gear. That’s right, he simply forgot to lower the gear on a 747 jet. There were no injuries and the plane continued to fly for 19 more years after repairs

EDIT: So now I do know exactly how this happened thanks to a reliable source (name can’t be taken because he still flies planes)

There were 3 people in the cockpit that day, the pilot, co-pilot and I think what’s called the 1st officer. Normally there is an electronic safety system that alerts the guys in the cockpit about things such as the landing gear not being down.

This system is generally found to be irritating by pilots who can be quite dismissive and macho – trusting their own skills. In those days it apparently also made some errors in logic. And finally it goes “Warning! Warning!” in a loud shrill voice. So it was standard for PIA pilots at least to switch off the circuit breaker for this system and switch it back at 1000 ft

It was standard for the cockpit crew to switch back the warning system and for each of them to check that the landing gear is down as part of their landing checklist.

None of these things happened so the pilot basically landed the plane thinking that the landing gear was down. He only realised after hitting the ground that it wasn’t

The pilot called HQ right after getting off the plane and tendered his resignation. He never flew again.

The co-pilot Capt Ahsan Aftab Bilgrami flew again but unfortunately died when the plane he was flying crashed in the Himlayas near Gilgit

Boeing were ecstatic, apparently this is one scenario they had not stress-tested for

Here are some incredible pictures

EDIT: Since the above story has been so popular I thought I’d add another story from the 1970s which probably set the precedent for heroics by future generations of Pakistani pilots

According to http://www.historyofpia.com/acci…, the two pilots Salhejee and Mir had a misunderstanding about which one of them was flying the plane in the midst of a storm.

According to the site:

” The landing was going to be made by Capt. Mir. The weather was bad and Mir asked Salehjee to take over for the landing. Somehow, Salehjee didn’t hear the request, Mir thought that he had and so the approach was flown with nobody at the controls until impact! The pilots were unable to regain control of the aircraft and it veered off the runway. The Boeing 707’s main under carriage collapsed as it struck the runway very hard.

As seen in this photo, soon after aircraft’s crash landing PIA logo and titles were painted out from its tail and fuselage because Pakistan’s then Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was due to arrive at the same airport on a VVIP PIA flight few days later. Later, this Boeing 707 was repaired and returned to active service with PIA”

Fly PIA – each plane has made history one way or the other

Beberapa waktu lalu dilakukan pengujian dogfight antara F-35 melawan F-16. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kemampuan dogfight F-35 tidak sebaik F-16. Berikut ini dokumen lengkapnya.

Lanjutkan membaca Dokumen Manuver F-35 pada High Angle of Attack

Robinson Butane Fuel , sering dipakai untuk mengisi ulang korek api gas ataupun pemantik oven gas.

 

Petunjuk menurut kaleng bagian belakang:

Directions:

1. Remove the protecting plastic cover of refiller
2. Insert the nozzle into the inlet valve of lighter, then push down firmly
3. When overflow, withdraw the refiller quickly. The valve or refiller closes automatically
4. In general filling time is approx. 5 – 15 seconds.
5. This refiller can be used not only for Rubicon’s but also for other gas lighter by adaptor tip.

Caution

Do not use near open flame or burning cigarette

Please reserve the refiller in cool condition and avoid the heated radiator or fire.

Net weight 120 g

Rubicon Industrial Co. LTD. Tokyo Japan

Manual bahasa Indonesia yang tercantum di sisi kemasan kardus:

PETUNJUK PENGGUNAAN

1. Buka tutup kemasan Robinson isi ulang
2. Masukkan ujung pipa Robinson isi ulang ke dalam klep lighter kemudian tekan.
3. Setelah lighter terisi penuh, segera hentikan pengisian. Katup pipa Robinson isi ulang akan tertutup secara otomatis
4. Pengisian lighter umumnya 5 – 15 detik
5. Robinson isi ulang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai macam lighter

PERINGATAN

• Jangan digunakan dekat dengan submer api atau rokok.
• Simpan di tempat yang teduh dan hindarkan dari tempat yang panas.

Berat bersih 120g

Rubicon Industrial CO. LTD. Tokyo Japan.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description

This BENETECH GM320 Infrared Thermometer (-50℃ – 320℃) applies the principle of infrared for inducing surface temperature of a object, particularly high temperature object. It is especially widely used in steel casting, machine components, furnace temperature, glass, etc. Sophisticated manufacture makes it feature high precision, high resolution and low repeat ability. LCD screen with backlight design enables you to get data easily and clearly even in the dark. This infrared thermometer is a complete combination of maximum / minimum /average value / D-value, high / low temperature alarm setting, data storage function, etc. It is convenient and helpful without contact object directly. What a practical tool!

Features

• Non-contact accurate temperature measuring tool
• Built-in laser aiming
• Alternative ℃ / ℉ unit conversion function
• Low battery indication
• LCD display with backlight
• Automatic data storage and automatic power off function
• Button design is easy to use
• High precision, high resolution and low repeatability
• Lightweight and portable, it’s useful for lots of do-it-yourself projects

Specifications

• Model GM320
• Weight 123 g / 4.34 oz
• Dimensions (14 x 7 x 3.5)cm / (5.51 x 2.76 x 1.38)
• Color Yellow , Black
• Material Plastic
• Battery 2 x AAA batteries(Not included)
• Measuring Range -50-330℃ (-58-626°F)
• Resolution 0.1℃ or 0.1°F
• Distance Spot Ratio 12:1
• Package Includes
• 1 x Infrared Thermometer
• 1 x Manual

 

Fitur ringkas menurut kemasan:

• Measuring range -50 ~ 330 Celcius (-58 ~ 626 Fahrenheit)
• Accuracy +/- 1.5 Celcius
• Resolution 0.1 Celcius or 0.1 Fahrenheit
• Distance spot ration 12:1
• Emissivity: 0.95 (fixed)
• C/F unit selectable
• Auto power off & Data hold
• Laser ON/OFF selectable
• Backlight ON/OFF selectable
• 1.5V AAA battery x 2 PCS

 

We use this unit to measure the temperature of:

• Hot Water pipes
• hot engine parts
• Cooking surfaces
• Hot Tubes & Insulation
• Electrical Connetion
• Ballasts in Electric Lights
• Electric Motor & Bearings
• Wine Coolers & Hot Asphalt
• Fuse Panels & Transformers
• Swimming Pools & Fish Tanks
• Hot & Cold Food Products
• Heating & Air Conditioning

Berikut ini pembongkaran GM320

 

Benetech GM320 Infrared Thermometer Instruction Manual

 

A. Introduction

This infrared thermometer is used for measuring the temperature of the object’s surface, which is applicable for various hot, hazardous or hard-to-reach objects without contact safely and quickly.

This unit consist of Optics, Temperature Sensor Signal amplifier, Processing circuit and LCD Display. The Optics collected the infrared energy emitted by object ancj focus onto the Sensor. Then the sensor translates the energy into an electricity signal. This signal will be turned out to be digital shown on the LCD after the signal amplifier and processing circuit.

B. Warning & Cautions

1.    Warning:

To avoid the potential situation may cause harm or damage to people, please pay attention to the following items:

1. Before you use this unit, check on the plastic housing carefully. If there is aoy damage, do not use it.
2. Do not point laser directly at eye or indirectly off reflective surfaces.
3. Do not use this unit in the environment of explosive gas, steam or dusty.

2.    Caution:
To avoid the damage of the unit or the target, please protect from the following situations:

1. EMF (electro-magnetic fields) from arc welders, induction heaters.
2. Thermal shock (caused by large or abrupt ambient temperature changes-allow 30 minutes for unit to stabilize before use.
3. Do not leave the unit on or near objects of high temperature

C. Distance to Spot size

1. When take measurement, pay attention to the Distance to Spot Size. As the Distance (D) from the target surface increases, the spot size (S) of the area measured by the unit becomes larger.
The Distance to Spot size of the unit is 12:1

***This unit is equipped with a laser, which is used% for aiming.

2. Field of view:
Make sure the target is larger than the unit’s spot size. The smaller the target the closer measure distance. When accuracy is critical, make sure the target is at least twice as large as the spot size.

D. Emissivity

Most organic materials and painted or oxidized surfaces have an emissivity of 0.95 (pre-set in the unit). Inaccurate readings will result from measuring shiny or polished metal surfaces. To compensate, cover the target surface with masking tape or flat black paint. Measure the tape or painted surface when the tape or painted reach the same temperature as the material underneath.

E. Operation

1. Operating the unit:

• Open the battery door and insert 2*1.5V AAA batteries properly;
• Pull the trigger to turn on the unit;
• Aim at the target surface and pull the trigger, then temperature will be shown on the LCD. This unit is equipped with a laser, which is only used for aiming.

2. Locating a Hot Soot:

To find a hot spot, aim the thermometer outside of interest, then scan across with an up and down motion until you locate the hot spot. (Figure 3)

 

F. LCD display & Buttons

1. LCD display: Figure 4

a.    Data hold icon b.    Scanning icon c.    Laser on icon d.    Backnight on icon e.    Low Battery icon f.    Temperature unit g.    Temperature reading

2. Buttons: Figure 5

1. Trigger: When pull the trigger, LCD display reading with SCAN icon. Release the trigger, display reading with HOLD icon for 7 sec(approx). Built-in 20 sec auto power off function.
2. Laser on/off button
3. Celsius / Fahrenheit switch button
4. Back light on/off button: When backlight is on, any operations will activate the backlight for 7 seconds.

G. Maintenance

1.    Lens Cleaning:
Blow off loose particles using clean compressed air. Gently brush remaining debris away with a moist cotton swab. The swab may be moistened with water.
2.    Case cleaning: Clean the case with a damp spo-nge/cloth and mild soap.
Note:
1)    Do not use solvent to clean plastic lens.
2)    Do not submerge the unit in water.

H. Specification

Temperature Range	-50° ~ 320° C (-58° ~ 626° F)
Accuracy
Resolution	0.1° C or 0.1° F
Repeatability	1% of reading or 1°C
Response time	500 mSec, 95% response
Spectral Response	8  ~ 14 um
Emissivity	0.95 preset
Distance to spot size	12:1
Operating Temperature	0 ~ 40° C (32° ~ 104°F)
Storage Humidity	10 ~ 90% RH non condensing up to 30° C (86° F)
Power	1.5V AAA * 2 battery
Typical battery life	laser off: 12 hrs